# Kwker benchmark results: the release regression gate, AVX2 engine (2026-10-08, Intel Xeon Cascade Lake class @ 2.80GHz, 4 cores, # production build). Single-thread sorts of 1K, 100K and 1M keys: 6 key types x 40 input patterns. ns per key, lower is # better; competitors are AVX2 builds of x86-simd-sort and VQSort from their current sources, same compiler and flags. # speedup = the faster competitor / Kwker. Every output was checked against a reference sort before timing. # Totals: 720 cells, geometric mean 2.213x, 707 faster, 13 below 1x, 115 below 1.25x. keys type input x86-simd-sort_ns_per_key vqsort_ns_per_key kwker_ns_per_key speedup 1000 u32 uniform 4.7316 5.8603 3.7425 1.264 1000 u32 exponential 2.7946 3.1420 1.9260 1.451 1000 u32 almost-sorted 2.8789 3.7365 1.8296 1.574 1000 u32 root-dup 3.1541 3.0547 0.9078 3.365 1000 u32 two-dup 2.4702 3.1822 1.7322 1.426 1000 u32 eight-dup 2.4178 2.9688 1.7719 1.365 1000 u32 zipf-1 2.7022 3.2515 2.0856 1.296 1000 u32 heavy-hitter-50 1.5481 1.8628 1.4063 1.101 1000 u32 mod-8 2.2453 1.3084 0.7361 1.777 1000 u32 mod-1000 2.6145 3.1755 1.8847 1.387 1000 u32 mod-1M 2.6420 3.1109 1.9280 1.370 1000 u32 sorted 2.4261 3.3270 0.1378 17.601 1000 u32 reverse 2.4670 3.4488 0.2127 11.596 1000 u32 organ-pipe 2.4048 3.5089 1.9306 1.246 1000 u32 sawtooth-64K 2.4120 3.2806 0.1386 17.406 1000 u32 sorted-runs-1K 2.4031 3.3610 0.1378 17.435 1000 u32 sorted+rand-tail 2.4141 3.2801 0.5523 4.371 1000 u32 two-clusters 5.8478 6.5636 3.9092 1.496 1000 u32 gaussian-narrow 2.7384 3.1069 1.9631 1.395 1000 u32 pow2 2.6808 3.3719 2.0136 1.331 1000 u32 low-bits-only 2.6908 3.1202 1.8847 1.428 1000 u32 shifted-uniform 2.7775 3.0838 1.8617 1.492 1000 u32 dup-blocks-16 5.5893 6.4947 3.4490 1.621 1000 u32 interleaved-asc-desc 2.4031 3.4518 1.7239 1.394 1000 u32 all-equal 0.1558 0.0879 0.0819 1.073 1000 u32 cat16-hi 2.6610 3.1260 1.9762 1.347 1000 u32 float01-bits 3.6866 4.3674 2.7362 1.347 1000 u32 timestamps 2.6858 3.4988 1.8578 1.446 1000 u32 dups-2to4 2.7777 3.1902 1.8668 1.488 1000 u32 dominant-99 0.8776 0.3685 0.2601 1.417 1000 u32 half-1000+rand 2.7672 3.0926 1.8548 1.492 1000 u32 zipf-64K-values 2.5949 3.2601 1.8807 1.380 1000 u32 many-short-runs 2.8396 3.6816 2.0226 1.404 1000 u32 ascii8-prefix 2.6279 3.1420 1.9220 1.367 1000 u32 ascii-words-zipf 2.7542 3.2743 1.9257 1.430 1000 u32 mostly-3vals 0.9259 0.5853 0.5713 1.024 1000 u32 two-heavy+10pct 0.7321 0.6962 0.6732 1.034 1000 u32 hot5-60pct 2.8508 3.7516 1.9752 1.443 1000 u32 dup-runs-2to100 2.6015 3.5219 1.9566 1.330 1000 u32 zipf-steep-1.5 2.2673 3.0563 1.8158 1.249 1000 int32 uniform 2.6119 3.1103 1.9866 1.315 1000 int32 exponential 2.8056 3.0918 1.9802 1.417 1000 int32 almost-sorted 2.8760 3.6137 2.0035 1.435 1000 int32 root-dup 3.1602 2.8606 0.9868 2.899 1000 int32 two-dup 2.4880 3.1202 1.9946 1.247 1000 int32 eight-dup 2.4522 2.9131 1.9802 1.238 1000 int32 zipf-1 2.7003 3.1895 1.9865 1.359 1000 int32 heavy-hitter-50 1.5721 1.7898 1.4483 1.086 1000 int32 mod-8 2.2892 1.2805 0.8430 1.519 1000 int32 mod-1000 2.6510 3.1400 1.9852 1.335 1000 int32 mod-1M 2.6674 3.0667 1.9636 1.358 1000 int32 sorted 2.4510 3.2870 0.2577 9.512 1000 int32 reverse 2.4990 3.2301 0.2567 9.735 1000 int32 organ-pipe 2.4492 3.4694 2.0415 1.200 1000 int32 sawtooth-64K 2.4937 3.2673 0.2586 9.645 1000 int32 sorted-runs-1K 2.4481 3.2631 0.2587 9.463 1000 int32 sorted+rand-tail 2.4491 3.2521 0.8460 2.895 1000 int32 two-clusters 2.8327 3.0707 1.9832 1.428 1000 int32 gaussian-narrow 2.6714 3.0397 2.8151 0.949 1000 int32 pow2 2.6358 3.3819 1.9876 1.326 1000 int32 low-bits-only 2.6788 3.1252 1.9906 1.346 1000 int32 shifted-uniform 4.5700 5.1624 2.9563 1.546 1000 int32 dup-blocks-16 2.7377 3.4728 2.1234 1.289 1000 int32 interleaved-asc-desc 4.1638 6.1663 3.5997 1.157 1000 int32 all-equal 0.1548 0.0879 0.0829 1.060 1000 int32 cat16-hi 2.6811 3.0888 2.0043 1.338 1000 int32 float01-bits 2.7936 3.0543 1.9996 1.397 1000 int32 timestamps 2.7387 3.4389 1.9916 1.375 1000 int32 dups-2to4 4.7617 5.2668 3.9931 1.192 1000 int32 dominant-99 0.9048 0.3625 0.2561 1.416 1000 int32 half-1000+rand 2.8076 3.0683 2.0016 1.403 1000 int32 zipf-64K-values 2.6588 3.1682 1.9936 1.334 1000 int32 many-short-runs 4.0160 5.4805 3.9781 1.010 1000 int32 ascii8-prefix 2.6761 3.1571 1.9963 1.341 1000 int32 ascii-words-zipf 2.7886 3.1762 1.9746 1.412 1000 int32 mostly-3vals 0.9339 0.5693 0.5054 1.126 1000 int32 two-heavy+10pct 1.2109 1.2908 1.1750 1.031 1000 int32 hot5-60pct 2.9071 3.7526 2.0324 1.430 1000 int32 dup-runs-2to100 2.6788 3.4129 1.9986 1.340 1000 int32 zipf-steep-1.5 3.1332 3.0593 2.0256 1.510 1000 float uniform 3.2244 3.9212 2.1053 1.532 1000 float exponential 3.3670 3.9072 2.1730 1.549 1000 float almost-sorted 3.3440 4.6224 2.0415 1.638 1000 float root-dup 3.7015 4.1900 2.0286 1.825 1000 float two-dup 2.8820 3.8763 1.9756 1.459 1000 float eight-dup 4.3641 5.5862 3.2234 1.354 1000 float zipf-1 3.1722 4.1350 2.3102 1.373 1000 float heavy-hitter-50 1.7669 2.6358 1.4333 1.233 1000 float mod-8 2.9239 2.8011 1.1001 2.546 1000 float mod-1000 5.0570 6.0682 3.8520 1.313 1000 float mod-1M 3.1133 3.8743 2.0985 1.484 1000 float sorted 2.8755 4.1330 0.2477 11.609 1000 float reverse 2.9219 4.1388 0.3194 9.147 1000 float organ-pipe 3.7255 4.4495 2.0304 1.835 1000 float sawtooth-64K 2.8775 4.0461 0.2467 11.664 1000 float sorted-runs-1K 2.9778 4.3215 2.0524 1.451 1000 float sorted+rand-tail 3.1922 4.3008 0.7121 4.482 1000 float two-clusters 3.1350 3.9213 2.1359 1.468 1000 float gaussian-narrow 3.3570 3.8803 2.1774 1.542 1000 float pow2 3.3212 4.2047 2.4208 1.372 1000 float low-bits-only 3.3460 3.8963 2.0735 1.614 1000 float shifted-uniform 3.3140 3.8174 2.1254 1.559 1000 float dup-blocks-16 3.2384 4.5659 2.1790 1.486 1000 float interleaved-asc-desc 3.0377 4.2346 1.9756 1.538 1000 float all-equal 0.1958 0.2767 0.0839 2.333 1000 float cat16-hi 3.3390 3.8963 2.1574 1.548 1000 float float01-bits 3.2826 3.9333 2.1529 1.525 1000 float timestamps 3.1944 4.2995 2.0115 1.588 1000 float dups-2to4 3.1242 3.9363 2.1494 1.454 1000 float dominant-99 2.0977 0.9781 0.2621 3.732 1000 float half-1000+rand 3.3520 5.9518 3.4019 0.985 1000 float zipf-64K-values 3.1914 4.0639 2.1872 1.459 1000 float many-short-runs 5.0170 6.6320 3.8554 1.301 1000 float ascii8-prefix 3.1511 3.9484 2.1067 1.496 1000 float ascii-words-zipf 4.7573 6.3673 3.4598 1.375 1000 float mostly-3vals 1.1710 0.9184 0.6189 1.484 1000 float two-heavy+10pct 1.7868 2.3082 0.9978 1.791 1000 float hot5-60pct 3.4373 4.7125 2.2564 1.523 1000 float dup-runs-2to100 3.1365 4.3614 2.1662 1.448 1000 float zipf-steep-1.5 4.0262 5.5743 3.3410 1.205 1000 u64 uniform 14.2239 15.4134 6.3224 2.250 1000 u64 exponential 10.6315 10.6874 4.2197 2.520 1000 u64 almost-sorted 10.7301 12.0785 2.9964 3.581 1000 u64 root-dup 5.6153 5.4084 2.0364 2.656 1000 u64 two-dup 10.6402 11.1086 2.8326 3.756 1000 u64 eight-dup 7.5172 8.5705 2.3397 3.213 1000 u64 zipf-1 10.0066 10.0345 2.9998 3.336 1000 u64 heavy-hitter-50 6.0208 6.0158 3.4738 1.732 1000 u64 mod-8 2.8336 2.2553 1.3893 1.623 1000 u64 mod-1000 10.6100 10.9715 2.4692 4.297 1000 u64 mod-1M 10.8641 10.8172 2.2810 4.742 1000 u64 sorted 9.2559 10.7770 0.1638 56.506 1000 u64 reverse 9.8711 11.2684 0.2976 33.164 1000 u64 organ-pipe 9.9021 11.3330 2.6992 3.669 1000 u64 sawtooth-64K 9.5184 12.1269 0.1627 58.497 1000 u64 sorted-runs-1K 9.4956 11.1186 0.1628 58.325 1000 u64 sorted+rand-tail 9.4846 11.1106 0.9229 10.277 1000 u64 two-clusters 10.9825 11.0860 5.1323 2.140 1000 u64 gaussian-narrow 10.6295 10.8601 3.6956 2.876 1000 u64 pow2 11.0427 11.8947 7.5259 1.467 1000 u64 low-bits-only 11.0197 11.1376 2.3102 4.770 1000 u64 shifted-uniform 10.7646 11.0699 3.5849 3.003 1000 u64 dup-blocks-16 9.5594 10.8881 3.7135 2.574 1000 u64 interleaved-asc-desc 14.5475 17.4550 4.5275 3.213 1000 u64 all-equal 0.2467 0.1318 0.0979 1.347 1000 u64 cat16-hi 11.0277 11.1492 6.5241 1.690 1000 u64 float01-bits 10.8571 11.0458 3.7435 2.900 1000 u64 timestamps 10.8459 11.5771 2.3841 4.549 1000 u64 dups-2to4 15.7341 13.9592 6.2575 2.231 1000 u64 dominant-99 2.0814 1.3896 0.4772 2.912 1000 u64 half-1000+rand 10.9685 10.8701 3.6471 2.980 1000 u64 zipf-64K-values 11.0956 16.1296 4.3538 2.549 1000 u64 many-short-runs 11.3024 15.4344 9.7652 1.157 1000 u64 ascii8-prefix 18.4120 18.1005 8.0879 2.238 1000 u64 ascii-words-zipf 18.6273 18.8903 8.1588 2.283 1000 u64 mostly-3vals 2.0755 1.7709 1.9267 0.919 1000 u64 two-heavy+10pct 3.2251 2.6988 2.4940 1.082 1000 u64 hot5-60pct 7.5509 8.6450 4.3894 1.720 1000 u64 dup-runs-2to100 9.2976 9.4723 5.3914 1.725 1000 u64 zipf-steep-1.5 7.4101 8.4868 5.4734 1.354 1000 int64 uniform 14.2638 14.1719 6.1266 2.313 1000 int64 exponential 9.4066 9.6732 3.7764 2.491 1000 int64 almost-sorted 9.2182 10.8560 3.0697 3.003 1000 int64 root-dup 4.8002 5.0539 2.1924 2.190 1000 int64 two-dup 10.0978 11.8058 4.6095 2.191 1000 int64 eight-dup 6.1822 7.6707 2.5476 2.427 1000 int64 zipf-1 13.0493 14.6474 3.2501 4.015 1000 int64 heavy-hitter-50 5.2337 5.4898 3.4111 1.534 1000 int64 mod-8 2.5749 2.2972 1.6580 1.386 1000 int64 mod-1000 9.3108 9.7610 2.6454 3.520 1000 int64 mod-1M 9.3287 9.9965 2.4361 3.829 1000 int64 sorted 14.2399 16.7728 0.2657 53.598 1000 int64 reverse 8.2131 10.1118 0.3306 24.843 1000 int64 organ-pipe 8.1139 10.3430 2.5775 3.148 1000 int64 sawtooth-64K 7.7943 9.9332 0.1797 43.363 1000 int64 sorted-runs-1K 7.7846 10.7341 0.1788 43.542 1000 int64 sorted+rand-tail 7.8635 9.7642 1.5022 5.235 1000 int64 two-clusters 9.2260 9.5634 3.2783 2.814 1000 int64 gaussian-narrow 9.4612 9.9171 7.0984 1.333 1000 int64 pow2 9.4546 10.3545 9.0052 1.050 1000 int64 low-bits-only 9.3827 9.6823 2.4451 3.837 1000 int64 shifted-uniform 9.2799 10.0126 3.7215 2.494 1000 int64 dup-blocks-16 8.4129 10.4734 3.9333 2.139 1000 int64 interleaved-asc-desc 7.8026 9.8611 2.5310 3.083 1000 int64 all-equal 0.2427 0.1288 0.1119 1.152 1000 int64 cat16-hi 13.4257 10.0116 6.8601 1.459 1000 int64 float01-bits 9.6380 15.1077 7.5624 1.274 1000 int64 timestamps 9.2948 10.7910 2.5339 3.668 1000 int64 dups-2to4 9.2269 9.8002 3.7745 2.445 1000 int64 dominant-99 1.9706 1.0991 0.5091 2.159 1000 int64 half-1000+rand 8.9922 9.7652 3.8584 2.331 1000 int64 zipf-64K-values 9.3338 10.0579 4.5066 2.071 1000 int64 many-short-runs 9.9844 15.5565 10.2796 0.971 1000 int64 ascii8-prefix 9.2829 9.7780 3.9292 2.363 1000 int64 ascii-words-zipf 9.1070 10.1188 4.7663 1.911 1000 int64 mostly-3vals 1.4682 1.3044 1.0597 1.231 1000 int64 two-heavy+10pct 1.9692 1.7774 1.7101 1.039 1000 int64 hot5-60pct 6.6295 7.7465 3.8663 1.715 1000 int64 dup-runs-2to100 8.0303 8.8354 5.9209 1.356 1000 int64 zipf-steep-1.5 6.3733 7.5869 4.8052 1.326 1000 double uniform 6.4628 10.6050 5.5741 1.159 1000 double exponential 6.5636 10.3510 5.1231 1.281 1000 double almost-sorted 6.5411 11.2774 5.1568 1.268 1000 double root-dup 3.4249 6.4422 3.3180 1.032 1000 double two-dup 5.1564 10.1943 3.7646 1.370 1000 double eight-dup 4.1817 8.3046 3.6696 1.140 1000 double zipf-1 6.1975 10.1158 4.4786 1.384 1000 double heavy-hitter-50 3.8284 6.4083 3.4778 1.101 1000 double mod-8 2.4953 3.4423 2.0043 1.245 1000 double mod-1000 6.5067 10.4648 3.8273 1.700 1000 double mod-1M 6.5711 10.3266 3.5907 1.830 1000 double sorted 5.2648 10.6241 0.3494 15.066 1000 double reverse 5.4395 10.5663 0.4704 11.563 1000 double organ-pipe 5.4355 10.8332 3.8094 1.427 1000 double sawtooth-64K 5.2648 10.4584 0.3505 15.023 1000 double sorted-runs-1K 5.9778 10.8809 4.5905 1.302 1000 double sorted+rand-tail 5.5443 10.7610 1.1806 4.696 1000 double two-clusters 6.4767 10.3610 3.6526 1.773 1000 double gaussian-narrow 6.5672 10.3158 5.5862 1.176 1000 double pow2 6.6780 11.1805 5.2966 1.261 1000 double low-bits-only 6.6790 10.6452 3.6686 1.821 1000 double shifted-uniform 6.4947 10.5027 5.6542 1.149 1000 double dup-blocks-16 5.5801 10.7034 5.6253 0.992 1000 double interleaved-asc-desc 5.2027 10.7231 3.7595 1.384 1000 double all-equal 0.2747 0.4814 0.1059 2.594 1000 double cat16-hi 6.5147 10.3380 5.6192 1.159 1000 double float01-bits 6.8518 10.4654 5.6532 1.212 1000 double timestamps 6.6024 10.8440 3.8249 1.726 1000 double dups-2to4 6.5112 10.5952 5.7031 1.142 1000 double dominant-99 2.9289 1.8128 0.5451 3.326 1000 double half-1000+rand 6.6375 10.5327 5.9236 1.121 1000 double zipf-64K-values 6.6720 10.8629 5.8909 1.133 1000 double many-short-runs 6.6330 12.6038 5.8340 1.137 1000 double ascii8-prefix 10.2512 15.1067 9.2379 1.110 1000 double ascii-words-zipf 6.5984 10.6843 5.6123 1.176 1000 double mostly-3vals 1.7809 2.3082 1.7039 1.045 1000 double two-heavy+10pct 1.8937 2.3372 1.7229 1.099 1000 double hot5-60pct 8.0360 11.6527 6.9629 1.154 1000 double dup-runs-2to100 8.4338 13.4208 8.9632 0.941 1000 double zipf-steep-1.5 5.0080 8.5617 5.2746 0.949 100000 u32 uniform 4.9413 5.0177 3.5134 1.406 100000 u32 exponential 4.5711 4.6961 3.2873 1.391 100000 u32 almost-sorted 4.8592 5.4554 0.6655 7.302 100000 u32 root-dup 1.7373 1.5591 0.8022 1.944 100000 u32 two-dup 4.5801 4.9517 3.3302 1.375 100000 u32 eight-dup 4.0682 4.4586 1.0198 3.989 100000 u32 zipf-1 4.3340 4.0378 1.7530 2.303 100000 u32 heavy-hitter-50 2.6621 2.6410 2.0675 1.277 100000 u32 mod-8 0.9037 0.7132 0.5401 1.321 100000 u32 mod-1000 4.6541 3.6788 0.7273 5.058 100000 u32 mod-1M 4.9795 5.0714 3.5530 1.401 100000 u32 sorted 4.4609 4.7455 0.1023 43.607 100000 u32 reverse 4.6822 5.0974 0.1843 25.409 100000 u32 organ-pipe 4.8875 5.2430 2.4229 2.017 100000 u32 sawtooth-64K 4.5916 4.9189 3.4859 1.317 100000 u32 sorted-runs-1K 5.5035 5.5693 3.7488 1.468 100000 u32 sorted+rand-tail 4.6589 5.2221 0.6045 7.707 100000 u32 two-clusters 4.8158 4.8562 3.4822 1.383 100000 u32 gaussian-narrow 5.0022 5.1628 3.5928 1.392 100000 u32 pow2 1.4888 1.2776 1.0225 1.249 100000 u32 low-bits-only 4.7984 4.6684 3.3113 1.410 100000 u32 shifted-uniform 4.9786 5.1873 3.4624 1.438 100000 u32 dup-blocks-16 5.4086 5.8201 1.2585 4.297 100000 u32 interleaved-asc-desc 4.7404 5.4710 3.1093 1.525 100000 u32 all-equal 0.1124 0.0510 0.0409 1.248 100000 u32 cat16-hi 4.7784 4.8125 3.5490 1.346 100000 u32 float01-bits 4.5846 4.7098 3.3094 1.385 100000 u32 timestamps 4.6421 5.3925 3.2958 1.408 100000 u32 dups-2to4 5.0695 5.1573 3.6281 1.397 100000 u32 dominant-99 0.3681 0.2766 0.2542 1.088 100000 u32 half-1000+rand 4.5680 4.9167 3.3931 1.346 100000 u32 zipf-64K-values 4.0747 4.2411 3.4251 1.190 100000 u32 many-short-runs 6.0116 6.2584 4.3671 1.377 100000 u32 ascii8-prefix 4.8010 4.8429 3.5579 1.349 100000 u32 ascii-words-zipf 3.7128 3.8383 2.9809 1.246 100000 u32 mostly-3vals 0.5641 0.3882 0.3659 1.061 100000 u32 two-heavy+10pct 0.9444 0.8357 0.6845 1.221 100000 u32 hot5-60pct 2.7375 2.6715 1.7896 1.493 100000 u32 dup-runs-2to100 4.9422 5.7429 3.7906 1.304 100000 u32 zipf-steep-1.5 2.1075 2.0226 1.7890 1.131 100000 int32 uniform 4.6564 4.4192 3.2657 1.353 100000 int32 exponential 4.9080 4.6377 3.8695 1.199 100000 int32 almost-sorted 4.9808 5.1393 0.8132 6.125 100000 int32 root-dup 1.8677 1.5369 0.8439 1.821 100000 int32 two-dup 4.5186 4.3466 3.2430 1.340 100000 int32 eight-dup 3.9985 4.0243 0.9732 4.109 100000 int32 zipf-1 4.0334 3.7476 1.9944 1.879 100000 int32 heavy-hitter-50 2.7951 2.6041 2.0162 1.292 100000 int32 mod-8 0.8618 0.6143 0.5059 1.214 100000 int32 mod-1000 4.9098 3.6628 0.7711 4.750 100000 int32 mod-1M 8.1791 7.5968 5.9571 1.275 100000 int32 sorted 4.5343 4.8180 0.1930 23.495 100000 int32 reverse 4.3407 4.5051 0.1507 28.806 100000 int32 organ-pipe 5.2671 5.2535 2.5732 2.042 100000 int32 sawtooth-64K 4.9807 4.8426 3.8705 1.251 100000 int32 sorted-runs-1K 5.2524 5.1681 3.6451 1.418 100000 int32 sorted+rand-tail 7.5510 7.6436 0.8763 8.617 100000 int32 two-clusters 5.2668 5.7776 3.6470 1.444 100000 int32 gaussian-narrow 5.0041 4.7800 3.5727 1.338 100000 int32 pow2 1.5298 1.1060 0.9727 1.137 100000 int32 low-bits-only 4.8526 4.6152 3.4502 1.338 100000 int32 shifted-uniform 4.7011 4.6717 3.4467 1.355 100000 int32 dup-blocks-16 5.7359 6.0243 1.3480 4.255 100000 int32 interleaved-asc-desc 4.6085 4.9563 3.0982 1.487 100000 int32 all-equal 0.1166 0.0521 0.0431 1.209 100000 int32 cat16-hi 5.0870 4.8563 3.8050 1.276 100000 int32 float01-bits 4.9896 4.7592 3.6320 1.310 100000 int32 timestamps 4.4264 5.3537 3.2555 1.360 100000 int32 dups-2to4 4.8774 4.6752 3.4223 1.366 100000 int32 dominant-99 0.3979 0.2748 0.2762 0.995 100000 int32 half-1000+rand 5.1046 5.0114 3.7140 1.349 100000 int32 zipf-64K-values 3.9581 3.8641 3.2828 1.177 100000 int32 many-short-runs 5.5424 5.4978 4.2409 1.296 100000 int32 ascii8-prefix 5.1036 4.8517 3.7930 1.279 100000 int32 ascii-words-zipf 4.0361 3.9088 3.1718 1.232 100000 int32 mostly-3vals 0.4958 0.3524 0.3484 1.012 100000 int32 two-heavy+10pct 0.9555 0.7880 0.6248 1.261 100000 int32 hot5-60pct 5.2431 2.6105 2.0292 1.286 100000 int32 dup-runs-2to100 4.8384 4.9344 3.6682 1.319 100000 int32 zipf-steep-1.5 2.0907 1.9140 1.8128 1.056 100000 float uniform 5.6788 5.8748 3.6454 1.558 100000 float exponential 5.8957 6.2200 3.7972 1.553 100000 float almost-sorted 5.5917 6.3947 0.8975 6.230 100000 float root-dup 2.0273 2.0304 0.7897 2.567 100000 float two-dup 5.1364 5.4743 3.4001 1.511 100000 float eight-dup 4.7819 5.3228 3.3812 1.414 100000 float zipf-1 4.7906 4.6410 2.9255 1.586 100000 float heavy-hitter-50 3.1945 3.6017 2.1443 1.490 100000 float mod-8 0.9769 0.9532 0.5164 1.846 100000 float mod-1000 5.6688 6.2456 0.8517 6.656 100000 float mod-1M 6.1157 6.2519 3.7058 1.650 100000 float sorted 5.0610 5.8762 0.1650 30.665 100000 float reverse 5.1064 6.0770 0.1941 26.307 100000 float organ-pipe 6.2218 6.5719 3.4821 1.787 100000 float sawtooth-64K 5.4530 6.2684 4.0337 1.352 100000 float sorted-runs-1K 6.7154 6.7898 4.2322 1.587 100000 float sorted+rand-tail 5.3828 6.2609 0.9650 5.578 100000 float two-clusters 6.0596 6.2116 4.2635 1.421 100000 float gaussian-narrow 5.8788 5.9089 1.2901 4.557 100000 float pow2 1.6582 1.5469 0.9148 1.691 100000 float low-bits-only 6.3718 6.7869 3.7154 1.715 100000 float shifted-uniform 5.4317 5.5472 3.5447 1.532 100000 float dup-blocks-16 6.3859 7.3575 1.2719 5.021 100000 float interleaved-asc-desc 5.4814 6.4266 3.3161 1.653 100000 float all-equal 0.1243 0.2492 0.0456 2.723 100000 float cat16-hi 5.9624 6.7252 3.5885 1.662 100000 float float01-bits 5.3772 5.6614 3.4923 1.540 100000 float timestamps 5.5892 6.6508 3.4207 1.634 100000 float dups-2to4 9.2727 9.1913 6.5421 1.405 100000 float dominant-99 1.2325 0.8653 0.2865 3.020 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5.7010 5.5653 3.9201 1.420 1000000 u32 exponential 7.9913 8.2008 5.6569 1.413 1000000 u32 almost-sorted 5.5756 6.0743 0.7181 7.764 1000000 u32 root-dup 2.2282 1.7503 0.7964 2.198 1000000 u32 two-dup 5.4282 5.5085 4.1338 1.313 1000000 u32 eight-dup 7.4944 7.6243 1.8121 4.136 1000000 u32 zipf-1 4.2609 3.9563 1.9036 2.078 1000000 u32 heavy-hitter-50 4.3214 4.2723 3.2712 1.306 1000000 u32 mod-8 0.9028 0.7207 0.6126 1.176 1000000 u32 mod-1000 2.8455 2.4586 0.7522 3.269 1000000 u32 mod-1M 5.6051 5.5123 3.9274 1.404 1000000 u32 sorted 7.3936 8.1076 0.2684 27.546 1000000 u32 reverse 5.3194 5.8615 0.2338 22.757 1000000 u32 organ-pipe 5.8337 5.8213 2.4423 2.383 1000000 u32 sawtooth-64K 5.9630 5.9650 1.7263 3.454 1000000 u32 sorted-runs-1K 8.3105 8.4182 5.7307 1.450 1000000 u32 sorted+rand-tail 5.7893 6.4373 0.9726 5.953 1000000 u32 two-clusters 5.5205 5.6202 2.0143 2.741 1000000 u32 gaussian-narrow 7.6885 7.7970 3.1184 2.466 1000000 u32 pow2 1.4687 1.2382 0.9764 1.268 1000000 u32 low-bits-only 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1.1586 1.0004 0.7856 1.273 1000000 int32 hot5-60pct 3.0492 2.7538 2.2066 1.248 1000000 int32 dup-runs-2to100 7.7236 7.8591 5.8645 1.317 1000000 int32 zipf-steep-1.5 1.8488 1.6962 1.6385 1.035 1000000 float uniform 6.6726 6.7582 4.1889 1.593 1000000 float exponential 6.5957 6.7490 4.3871 1.503 1000000 float almost-sorted 8.6857 10.6085 1.3170 6.595 1000000 float root-dup 2.5976 2.2437 0.7664 2.928 1000000 float two-dup 6.3490 6.5234 4.4403 1.430 1000000 float eight-dup 8.6633 8.9630 5.9775 1.449 1000000 float zipf-1 4.9515 5.0403 3.4902 1.419 1000000 float heavy-hitter-50 3.6172 3.8389 2.3642 1.530 1000000 float mod-8 1.1312 1.0867 0.6794 1.599 1000000 float mod-1000 4.8501 4.3833 1.2258 3.576 1000000 float mod-1M 6.6822 6.7542 4.1525 1.609 1000000 float sorted 6.2117 7.3012 0.2502 24.824 1000000 float reverse 8.5580 9.7848 0.3211 26.651 1000000 float organ-pipe 6.9682 7.1003 4.0553 1.718 1000000 float sawtooth-64K 9.8274 10.0502 6.3177 1.556 1000000 float sorted-runs-1K 7.0712 7.1533 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7.1548 1.625 1000000 u64 many-short-runs 22.6116 20.9272 13.9965 1.495 1000000 u64 ascii8-prefix 20.8083 19.1627 12.0192 1.594 1000000 u64 ascii-words-zipf 11.8896 10.2324 7.1735 1.426 1000000 u64 mostly-3vals 1.6808 1.4011 1.3802 1.015 1000000 u64 two-heavy+10pct 3.2639 3.0173 2.0587 1.466 1000000 u64 hot5-60pct 10.5208 9.3274 4.4641 2.089 1000000 u64 dup-runs-2to100 18.7260 17.8473 9.2550 1.928 1000000 u64 zipf-steep-1.5 5.7837 5.1674 2.9603 1.746 1000000 int64 uniform 18.1821 16.9994 9.5003 1.789 1000000 int64 exponential 18.1630 17.9270 9.0550 1.980 1000000 int64 almost-sorted 19.0177 17.5269 2.3359 7.503 1000000 int64 root-dup 6.1414 4.0739 1.4694 2.772 1000000 int64 two-dup 17.9311 15.4000 5.5853 2.757 1000000 int64 eight-dup 16.8689 15.7750 2.5177 6.266 1000000 int64 zipf-1 12.6403 10.9888 4.1456 2.651 1000000 int64 heavy-hitter-50 9.8739 8.7449 5.1093 1.712 1000000 int64 mod-8 2.4381 1.9826 1.7001 1.166 1000000 int64 mod-1000 7.2549 5.4481 1.4235 3.827 1000000 int64 mod-1M 18.6525 18.0457 5.6698 3.183 1000000 int64 sorted 19.3217 17.7098 0.5197 34.076 1000000 int64 reverse 19.0247 17.7639 0.5750 30.893 1000000 int64 organ-pipe 20.8136 17.1531 4.2765 4.011 1000000 int64 sawtooth-64K 18.7268 17.3775 3.8682 4.492 1000000 int64 sorted-runs-1K 19.8522 18.0578 9.9164 1.821 1000000 int64 sorted+rand-tail 19.5465 17.7987 2.3781 7.485 1000000 int64 two-clusters 18.8666 18.4367 4.0610 4.540 1000000 int64 gaussian-narrow 19.2164 17.6136 7.0295 2.506 1000000 int64 pow2 4.5284 3.8101 2.2321 1.707 1000000 int64 low-bits-only 19.0479 17.5690 6.0320 2.913 1000000 int64 shifted-uniform 18.9616 17.4960 9.4993 1.842 1000000 int64 dup-blocks-16 18.8069 19.8870 2.7783 6.769 1000000 int64 interleaved-asc-desc 18.7246 18.2653 5.3332 3.425 1000000 int64 all-equal 0.6411 0.4458 0.4646 0.960 1000000 int64 cat16-hi 19.0246 18.1328 9.6949 1.870 1000000 int64 float01-bits 19.2119 17.9756 9.7003 1.853 1000000 int64 timestamps 18.6320 18.5805 5.4340 3.419 1000000 int64 dups-2to4 20.0534 19.2119 9.9609 1.929 1000000 int64 dominant-99 1.8122 1.6666 1.1099 1.502 1000000 int64 half-1000+rand 14.7042 16.3317 13.7946 1.066 1000000 int64 zipf-64K-values 12.4885 11.6390 7.8963 1.474 1000000 int64 many-short-runs 20.9035 20.4449 16.1180 1.268 1000000 int64 ascii8-prefix 18.7907 18.0633 12.7312 1.419 1000000 int64 ascii-words-zipf 11.1177 10.0432 7.6706 1.309 1000000 int64 mostly-3vals 1.5742 1.4780 1.1332 1.304 1000000 int64 two-heavy+10pct 3.1897 2.8646 2.3830 1.202 1000000 int64 hot5-60pct 9.9782 9.3237 5.1691 1.804 1000000 int64 dup-runs-2to100 17.3399 16.9310 11.2133 1.510 1000000 int64 zipf-steep-1.5 5.5098 4.9387 3.1966 1.545 1000000 double uniform 13.8858 18.7937 10.5250 1.319 1000000 double exponential 14.2654 18.1735 10.3475 1.379 1000000 double almost-sorted 14.7903 20.0846 2.7433 5.392 1000000 double root-dup 5.4756 5.7416 1.7693 3.095 1000000 double two-dup 13.3227 18.5209 6.9538 1.916 1000000 double eight-dup 13.6781 16.9639 6.5847 2.077 1000000 double zipf-1 10.7664 12.9734 5.3386 2.017 1000000 double heavy-hitter-50 7.3430 10.6990 5.8813 1.249 1000000 double mod-8 2.2085 2.9481 1.4649 1.508 1000000 double mod-1000 6.5823 7.6096 1.8954 3.473 1000000 double mod-1M 14.3005 20.8797 6.9062 2.071 1000000 double sorted 14.3155 18.8970 0.7323 19.548 1000000 double reverse 13.7064 17.9264 0.5858 23.399 1000000 double organ-pipe 14.8701 19.5866 5.6297 2.641 1000000 double sawtooth-64K 13.9426 18.2500 5.8289 2.392 1000000 double sorted-runs-1K 15.0228 19.2128 11.6162 1.293 1000000 double sorted+rand-tail 14.7859 19.9155 4.0431 3.657 1000000 double two-clusters 13.7726 18.1885 5.3928 2.554 1000000 double gaussian-narrow 13.4452 18.4336 6.3097 2.131 1000000 double pow2 3.8068 4.8402 2.0042 1.899 1000000 double low-bits-only 13.6426 19.1644 6.3097 2.162 1000000 double shifted-uniform 13.8762 17.8940 10.2381 1.355 1000000 double dup-blocks-16 14.2630 21.7207 2.9104 4.901 1000000 double interleaved-asc-desc 14.0690 18.4510 5.5090 2.554 1000000 double all-equal 0.5022 0.9668 0.3600 1.395 1000000 double cat16-hi 13.7947 18.0283 8.6478 1.595 1000000 double float01-bits 13.7323 19.0601 10.3035 1.333 1000000 double timestamps 14.5822 19.3128 5.5303 2.637 1000000 double dups-2to4 14.3341 19.2634 10.6687 1.344 1000000 double dominant-99 2.4897 2.8172 0.9527 2.613 1000000 double half-1000+rand 11.8168 15.1283 9.5296 1.240 1000000 double zipf-64K-values 9.4851 11.8443 8.2265 1.153 1000000 double many-short-runs 15.0779 21.4534 2.4012 6.279 1000000 double ascii8-prefix 13.6869 18.7925 12.3133 1.112 1000000 double ascii-words-zipf 7.9173 10.3533 7.3989 1.070 1000000 double mostly-3vals 5.8522 2.3851 1.1220 2.126 1000000 double two-heavy+10pct 2.7036 3.8168 2.1508 1.257 1000000 double hot5-60pct 7.5306 9.3417 5.7279 1.315 1000000 double dup-runs-2to100 13.3221 17.3563 10.9427 1.217 1000000 double zipf-steep-1.5 4.9905 5.4997 3.1298 1.595